Video examples

iOS Voiceover

Android Talkback

General Notes

A table row/list item can be created by using different types of native components in iOS and Android, such as iOS List, Button, UITableView and Android RecyclerView, Column, and LazyColumn.

In general, a table row/list item is an interactive item within a scrolling, single-column row or list of rows. The table row/list item can contain multiple elements inside it such as text, form inputs, buttons, etc. However, a table row/list item can also be a non-interactive element as well.

You should use a native component rather than custom component, because it will have the correct name, role, and values associated with it for accessibility.

iOS

Developer Notes on Name, Role, Groupings, and State

Name

The programmatic name describes the purpose of the control.

• If visible text label exists, the programmatic name should match the visible text label.
  • Note: Setting a programmatic name while a visible text label exists may cause VoiceOver to duplicate the announcement of the name. If this happens, hide the visible text label from VoiceOver recognization.
• The visible label is the programmatic name
  • If there is a description following the visible label, it must be announced before the role.

UIKit

• If a visible label is not applicable in this case, set the button’s accessibilityLabel to the label of your choice.
  • To do this in Interface Builder, set the label using the Identity Inspector
• To hide labels from VoiceOver programmatically, set the label’s isAccessibilityElement property to false
• To hide labels from VoiceOver using Interface Builder, uncheck Accessibility Enabled in the Identity Inspector.

SwiftUI

• If no visible label, use view modifier accessibilityLabel(_:).
• If button has icon(s), hide the icon(s) from VoiceOver by using view modifier accessibilityHidden(true).

Role

When using non-native controls (custom controls), roles will need to be manually coded.

UIKit

• Implement a UITableView which is defined as “A view that presents data using rows in a single column.”
• If UITableView does not fit the use case, please use a UIButton and style as appropriate.
• Set the specific UITableViewCell as interactive or capable of a tap gesture.
• If user is redirected away from the app, set accessibilityTraits to .link.
• If user is redirected to a screen within the app, set accessibilityTraits to .button.

SwiftUI

• Use native List view, defined as “A container that presents rows of data arranged in a single column, optionally providing the ability to select one or more members.”
  • If using the List view is not suitable for your use case, you may implement as a Button and stylize the component as an interactable table row. Or you may make a fully custom table row from scratch that is interactable and redirects the user to the correct destination.
• If user is redirected away from the app, use view modifier accessibilityAddTraits(.isButton) to assign the role as Link.
• If user is redirected away from the app, use view modifier accessibilityAddTraits(.isLink) to assign the role as Link.
• If applicable, use view modifier accessibilityRemoveTraits(:) to remove unwanted traits.

Groupings

• Group visible label with table row, if applicable, to provide a programmatic name for the table row.
• Group label with data to ensure reading order is logical. (Not label, label, data, data).

UIKit

1. Ensure that the child elements of the overarching view you want to group in has their isAccessibilityElement properties set to false.
2. Set isAccessibilityElement to true for the parent view. Then, adjust accessibilityLabel and accessibilityTraits accordingly.
   • If frame does not exist due to custom table row, use accessibilityFrameInContainer to set the custom control’s frame to the parent view’s container or view of your choice.
     • You can also unionize two frames with frame.union (i.e. titleLabel.frame.union(subtitleLabel.frame)).
   • Use shouldGroupAccessibilityElement for a precise order if the native order should be disrupted.
   • Use shouldGroupAccessibilityChildren to indicate whether VoiceOver must group its children views. This allows making unique vocalizations or define a particular reading order for a part of the page.

SwiftUI

• Use view modifier accessibilityElement(children: .combine) to merge the child accessibility element’s properties into the new accessibilityElement.

State

UIKit

• For enabled: Set isEnabled to true.
• For disabled: Set isEnabled to false.
  • If necessary, you may change the accessibility trait of the table rows to notEnabled, but this may overwrite the current accessibility role of the table row.

SwiftUI

• For disabled, use view modifier disabled().

Focus

• Use the device’s default focus functionality.
• Focus ring must surround the table row
• Consider how focus should be managed between child elements and their parent views.
• External keyboard tab order often follows the screen reader focus, but sometimes this functionality requires additional development to manage focus.
• Initial focus on a screen should land in a logical place, such as back button, screen title, first text field, or first heading.
• When a menu, picker, or modal is closed, the focus should return to the triggering element.

UIKit

• If VoiceOver is not reaching a particular element, set the element’s isAccessibilityElement to true
  • Note: You may need to adjust the programmatic name, role, state, and/or value after doing this, as this action may overwrite previously configured accessibility.
• Use accessibilityViewIsModal to contain the screen reader focus inside the modal.
• To move screen reader focus to newly revealed content, use UIAccessibility.post(notification:argument:) that takes in .screenChanged and the newly revealed content as the parameter arguments.
• To NOT move focus, but dynamically announce new content: use UIAccessibility.post(notification:argument:) that takes in .announcement and the announcement text as the parameter arguments.
• UIAccessibilityContainer protocol: Have a table of elements that defines the reading order of the elements.

SwiftUI

• For general focus management that impacts both screen readers and non-screen readers, use the property wrapper @FocusState to assign an identity of a focus state.
  • Use the property wrapper @FocusState in conjunction with the view modifier focused(_:) to assign focus on a view with @FocusState as the source of truth.
  • Use the property wrapper @FocusStatein conjunction with the view modifier focused(_:equals:) to assign focus on a view, when the view is equal to a specific value.
• If necessary, use property wrapper @AccessibilityFocusState to assign identifiers to specific views to manually shift focus from one view to another as the user interacts with the screen with VoiceOver on.

Announcement examples

• “Label, button”
• “Label, (plus other content in cell), button” (grouping)
• “Label, button, selected” (selected state)
• “Label, dimmed, button” (disabled state)

Android

Developer Notes on Name, Role, Groupings, and State

Name

• Name describes the purpose of the control and matches the visible label, which can all be grouped together in the table row in an accessibility label

Role

• Add header trait to table rows that describe a section if needed and do not make header row interactive

Android View

• Use an interactive RecyclerView which is used to display large datasets.
• Should be coded as a list, if more than one row

Jetpack Compose

• Use regular Column for a table row with short list
• Use LazyColumn for a long list of items
• For the row to behave as button role, use modifier.clickable with role of role.Button

Groupings

• Group text label/ images/controls together in one swipe
• Only one interactive control can be in the swipe

Android View

• ViewGroup
• Set the container object’s android:screenReaderFocusable attribute to true, and each inner object’s android:focusable attribute to false. In doing so, accessibility services can present the inner elements’ content descriptions/names, one after the other, in a single announcement.

Jetpack Compose

• In item or items composable of the table, the modifier.clickable with the role of button will group the internal components automatically.

State

Android View

• Active: android:enabled=true
• Disabled” android:enabled=false

Jetpack Compose

• Active: enabled=true
• Disabled: enabled=false

Focus

• Only manage focus when needed. Primarily, let the device manage default focus.
• Consider how focus should be managed between child elements and their parent views.

Android View

• android:focusable=true
• android=clickable=true
• Implement an onClick() event handler for keyboard, not onTouch()
• nextFocusDown
• nextFocusUp
• nextFocusRight
• nextFocusLeft
• accessibilityTraversalBefore (or after)
• To move screen reader focus to newly revealed content: Type_View_Focused
• To NOT move focus, but announce new content: accessibilityLiveRegion
• To hide controls: Important_For _Accessibility_NO

Jetpack Compose

• Modifier.focusTarget() makes the component focusable
• Modifier.focusOrder() needs to be used in combination with FocusRequesters to define focus order
• Modifier.onFocusEvent(), Modifier.onFocusChanged() can be used to observe the changes to focus state
• FocusRequester allows to request focus to individual elements with in a group of merged descendant views
• Example: To customize the focus events behaviour
  • step 1: define the focus requester prior. val (first, second) = FocusRequester.createRefs()
  • step 2: update the modifier to set the order. modifier = Modifier.focusOrder(first) { this.down = second }
  • focus order accepts following values: up, down, left, right, previous, next, start, end
  • step 3: use second.requestFocus() to gain focus

Announcement examples

• “Label, double tap to activate”
• “Label, (plus other content in cell), double tap to activate” (grouping)
• “Selected, Label, double tap to activate” (selected state or row with a checkmark)
• “Label, dimmed” (disabled state)